Law is a set of rules that are established by social or governmental institutions to govern behavior. It is a complex concept, with its precise definition a matter of ongoing debate. It has been variously described as a science, as an art of justice, and as a way of life. Regardless of the precise definition, laws have an important role to play in society and help to maintain order. Without laws, chaos would reign and societies could not function effectively. Laws ensure that everyone is treated fairly, and they are a means of resolving disputes between individuals and between governments and citizens.

There are many different types of laws, which cover a wide range of topics. Examples include air law, bankruptcy law, civil rights, commercial law, evidence law, family law, international law, maritime law, property law, tax law and tort law. Some of these laws are created by legislative bodies, such as a parliament or a legislature, while others are created by judges, such as in common law systems. In addition, there are laws created by other sources, such as religious law.

Generally, a law is a rule that must be obeyed by people. It may be a written or unwritten rule, and it may have a negative or positive effect. For example, a rule that states that all drivers must wear seatbelts may increase safety on the road, while a law that prohibits aggressive telemarketing may decrease sales. Whether a law is good or bad depends on how it is applied and enforced.

The law shapes politics, economics and history in many ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people. While the precise nature of law remains a topic for debate, a basic distinction can be made between (a) civil law jurisdictions, in which a central government codifies and consolidates its laws, and (b) common law jurisdictions, in which judge-made precedent is binding. In the latter, there is a greater emphasis on individual freedom.

The role of the law in society has been reshaped by recent events, and the concept of the law is much more complicated than it was at earlier times. For instance, modern military and policing powers give the state a great deal of power over citizens’ daily lives. This has raised questions about the accountability of these institutions. In addition, a desire for democratic rule and increased rights for citizens has led to many revolts against existing political-legal authority. In some cases, these revolts have succeeded.